This Civics text-book is intended not only to describe the organization and work of tlie different American governments, but to make prominent the relation of the citizens to the governments and to each other. It has been thought that this could be done best by considering the subject from the standpoint of the State: that is, of the whole body of citizens considered as an organized unit rather than from the point of view of government or of the individual citizen. This made it necessary, first, to explain some of the more important principles of political science with practical applications ;second, to show how the American Federal State became what it is; third, to describe the national, state (commonwealth), and local governments; and, fourth, to give some idea of the policies of the State in regard to great public questions and of the problems that confront it. In the historical portions of the book no attempt has been made to touch upon more than the sahent events, each of which is considered not so much for any intrinsic worth as for the hght that it may throw upon the development of nationality within the United States. For details and for subjects omitted altogether, the reader must be referred to the many excellent manuals of American History. The discussions upon government assume, that the student needs a clear conception of the real character and actual working of our governments much more than he does a knowledge of the government as it is supposed to be.
(Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)

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