This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1910 edition. Excerpt: ... by mucous membrane. The external surface is divided by a ridge into two areas: the lower flat area faces outward, and is covered by the thyro-arytenoid and lateral crico-arytenoid muscles; the upper concave area faces chiefly forward, and is covered by the transverse arytenoid muscle. The anterior border is convex, and at the base of the cartilage forms a projection termed the vocal process (Processus vocalis); it is so named because Cuneiform process Fig. 352.--Epiglottis Of Horse, Right Lateral View. Muscular process Apex Facet for cricoid it gives attachment to the vocal or thyro-arytenoid ligament, which forms the basis of the true vocal cord. The posterior border is straight, and extends from the vocal process to the facet on the base. The dorsal border forms a deep notch with the apex. The base is concave and faces chiefly backward; it presents an oval, concave facet for articulation with the anterior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. The external angle of the base forms a strong eminence termed the muscular process (Processus muscularis), which gives attachment to the cricoarytenoid muscles. The internal angle is attached to its fellow by the transverse arytenoid ligament. The apex (Cartilago corniculata) curves upward and backward, forming with its fellow the pitcher-shaped lip, from which the cartilages derive their name. The cricoid and thyroid cartilages, and the greater part of the arytenoid cartilages, consist of hyaline cartilage. The apices and vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis (including the cuneiform processes) consist of elastic cartilage; they show no tendency toward ossification at any age. The thyroid and cricoid cartilages regularly undergo considerable ossification; the...